The comfort of wearing suits, a staple of formal attire, is crucial for the human body. Studies and surveys indicate that individuals often experience discomfort and shoulder pain due to ill-fitting suits, leading to uneven pressure distribution and subsequent fatigue. Due to the increasing demands of consumers for clothing, the issue of discomfort in the shoulder area of women’s suits requires improvement. However, most research on women’s suits has focused on aesthetic aspects, with little attention given to the pressure comfort of the shoulder region. This study bridges this gap by examining pattern optimisation and pressure comfort in women’s suits. The study uses Martin’s measuring instruments and 3D scanning to gather shoulder data from young women. The goal is to understand the typical shape and structure of human shoulders. With this information, we develop a method to optimise shoulder patterns in clothing, ensuring they can be adapted to fit different shoulder types comfortably. The research identifies the relationship between the shoulder slope angles of suit patterns and human shoulder shapes, formulating an equation to link body morphology with pattern design. This study can facilitate designers’ understanding of the relationship between human shoulder morphology and clothing patterns, thereby enabling the creation of more comfortable women’s suits for consumers.

With the development of 3D printing technology, its application in the apparel industry, especially in bra cup design, has drawn attention. Previous studies have explored the use of 3D printing for underwear customisation. Yet, issues such as poor flexibility, heavy weight, excessive material consumption, and low comfort of printed materials remain, limiting the wide application of 3D-printed bra cups. There is a research gap in effectively optimising the structural design of 3D-printed bra cups to overcome these drawbacks. This paper aims to address this gap by investigating the use of lattice structures in designing 3D-printed bra cups and analysing how rod diameter and material hardness affect the elastic modulus of the lattice-based cup designs. Through a series of experiments, it is found that both parameters significantly influence the modulus, with material hardness being more crucial. By using the RESIONE F80 material with a 1 mm rod diameter for lattice infill, the volume of the 3D printed cup is reduced by 45.16%, porosity is enhanced, and ventilation and comfort are greatly improved.

Difficulty in travelling has always been a problem for visually impaired people in their daily lives, and smart wearable devices have shown great potential in helping the visually impaired to travel by their portability and interactivity. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of smart wearable devices that assist the visually impaired in travelling. The paper first analyses the characteristics of visually impaired people to understand their needs, and then briefly reviews the history of travel assistance devices. The paper then analyses the working mechanisms of smart wearable devices and divides them into three categories based on how they return information to the user. Then, the paper summarises the advantages and disadvantages of different types of devices and the disadvantages common to all types by detailing the working principles, functions, and usage effects of a dozen different types of devices. Finally, it summarises the current research status and limitations, and proposes future research directions. It aims to provide a reference for the development of smart wearable devices that assist visually impaired people in travelling.

The formal attire of female wheelchair users has received increasing attention in design research, particularly in response to unmet needs in professional settings. However, most existing studies focus on casual or adaptive sportswear, leaving a significant gap in exploring clothing suitable for formal contexts. This study proposes a design method for optimising shirt prototypes for wheelchair users, incorporating two key interventions: structural pattern adjustments and fabric innovation. The method was evaluated through interviews with 51 participants. Conventional shirts often fail to accommodate the seated posture, resulting in poor fit, restricted mobility, and discomfort. To address these issues, structural modifications were introduced to the armholes, sleeve caps, and plackets to enhance forward-reaching mobility and improve dressing convenience. Similarly, fabrics suitable for individuals with limited hand dexterity were selected based on thermal-moisture comfort and usability criteria. Subjective evaluations demonstrated that the synergy between structural refinement and fabric selection significantly improved arm mobility and comfort in a seated position. This study offers practical insights for inclusive formal wear design, presenting a method that balances formal attire for female wheelchair users.

Despite the growing use of digital applications in cultural heritage preservation, limited research exists on the comparative effectiveness of digital versus traditional display methods for preserving ethnic costume heritage. This study investigates how digital technologies influence the perception of Korean traditional costumes among China’s Korean ethnic minority (Chaoxianzu). Using CLO3D digital modelling and questionnaire surveys $(n = 107),$ we found that digital display methods excel in communicating costume characteristics through three-dimensional visualisation and multi-angle presentation, with particularly strong evaluations for intuitiveness (81.31%) and colour representation (76.64%). Digital methods significantly enhance cultural understanding (75.70%) and stimulate innovative applications (70.09%), especially among younger audiences (85% positive response rate). Our findings reveal that digital and physical display methods serve complementary rather than competing roles—digital methods excel in accessibility and spatial representation (87.85% preferred for multi-angle observation). In comparison, traditional approaches provide essential tactile experiences, which are valued for their material experience (89.72%). Statistical analysis identifies $360^◦$ multi-angle observation $(β = 0.41)$ and magnified detail observation $(β = 0.35)$ as the most critical technical factors affecting perception value. This research provides empirical evidence for developing integrated preservation strategies that combine digital technologies with traditional approaches to enhance the transmission and sustainable development of ethnic costume heritage.