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Volume 43, Issue 5
Sharp Error Estimate of Variable Time-Step Imex BDF2 Scheme for Parabolic Integro-Differential Equations with Initial Singularity Arising in Finance

Chengchao Zhao, Ruoyu Yang, Yana Di & Jiwei Zhang

J. Comp. Math., 43 (2025), pp. 1118-1140.

Published online: 2025-09

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  • Abstract

The recently developed DOC kernels technique has been successful in the stability and convergence analysis for variable time-step BDF2 schemes. However, it may not be readily applicable to problems exhibiting an initial singularity. In the numerical simulations of solutions with initial singularity, variable time-step schemes like the graded mesh are always adopted to achieve the optimal convergence, whose first adjacent time-step ratio may become pretty large so that the acquired restriction is not satisfied. In this paper, we revisit the variable time-step implicit-explicit two-step backward differentiation formula (IMEX BDF2) scheme to solve the parabolic integro-differential equations (PIDEs) with initial singularity. We obtain the sharp error estimate under a mild restriction condition of adjacent time-step ratios $r_k := τ_k/τ_{k−1}<r_{\rm{max}}= 4.8645$ $(k ≥ 3)$ and a much mild requirement on the first ratio, i.e. $r_2> 0.$ This leads to the validation of our analysis of the variable time-step IMEX BDF2 scheme when the initial singularity is dealt by a simple strategy, i.e. the graded mesh $t_k= T (k/N)^γ.$ In this situation, the convergence order of $\mathcal{O}(N^{− min\{2,γα\}})$ is achieved, where $N$ denotes the total number of mesh points and $α$ indicates the regularity of the exact solution. This is, the optimal convergence will be achieved by taking $γ_{{\rm opt}} = 2/α.$ Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate our theoretical analysis.

  • AMS Subject Headings

65M06, 65M12

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COPYRIGHT: © Global Science Press

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@Article{JCM-43-1118, author = {Zhao , ChengchaoYang , RuoyuDi , Yana and Zhang , Jiwei}, title = {Sharp Error Estimate of Variable Time-Step Imex BDF2 Scheme for Parabolic Integro-Differential Equations with Initial Singularity Arising in Finance}, journal = {Journal of Computational Mathematics}, year = {2025}, volume = {43}, number = {5}, pages = {1118--1140}, abstract = {

The recently developed DOC kernels technique has been successful in the stability and convergence analysis for variable time-step BDF2 schemes. However, it may not be readily applicable to problems exhibiting an initial singularity. In the numerical simulations of solutions with initial singularity, variable time-step schemes like the graded mesh are always adopted to achieve the optimal convergence, whose first adjacent time-step ratio may become pretty large so that the acquired restriction is not satisfied. In this paper, we revisit the variable time-step implicit-explicit two-step backward differentiation formula (IMEX BDF2) scheme to solve the parabolic integro-differential equations (PIDEs) with initial singularity. We obtain the sharp error estimate under a mild restriction condition of adjacent time-step ratios $r_k := τ_k/τ_{k−1}<r_{\rm{max}}= 4.8645$ $(k ≥ 3)$ and a much mild requirement on the first ratio, i.e. $r_2> 0.$ This leads to the validation of our analysis of the variable time-step IMEX BDF2 scheme when the initial singularity is dealt by a simple strategy, i.e. the graded mesh $t_k= T (k/N)^γ.$ In this situation, the convergence order of $\mathcal{O}(N^{− min\{2,γα\}})$ is achieved, where $N$ denotes the total number of mesh points and $α$ indicates the regularity of the exact solution. This is, the optimal convergence will be achieved by taking $γ_{{\rm opt}} = 2/α.$ Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate our theoretical analysis.

}, issn = {1991-7139}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4208/jcm.2406-m2023-0095}, url = {http://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/jcm/24474.html} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Sharp Error Estimate of Variable Time-Step Imex BDF2 Scheme for Parabolic Integro-Differential Equations with Initial Singularity Arising in Finance AU - Zhao , Chengchao AU - Yang , Ruoyu AU - Di , Yana AU - Zhang , Jiwei JO - Journal of Computational Mathematics VL - 5 SP - 1118 EP - 1140 PY - 2025 DA - 2025/09 SN - 43 DO - http://doi.org/10.4208/jcm.2406-m2023-0095 UR - https://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/jcm/24474.html KW - Implicit-explicit method, Two-step backward differentiation formula, The discrete orthogonal convolution kernels, The discrete complementary convolution kernels, Error estimates, Variable time-step. AB -

The recently developed DOC kernels technique has been successful in the stability and convergence analysis for variable time-step BDF2 schemes. However, it may not be readily applicable to problems exhibiting an initial singularity. In the numerical simulations of solutions with initial singularity, variable time-step schemes like the graded mesh are always adopted to achieve the optimal convergence, whose first adjacent time-step ratio may become pretty large so that the acquired restriction is not satisfied. In this paper, we revisit the variable time-step implicit-explicit two-step backward differentiation formula (IMEX BDF2) scheme to solve the parabolic integro-differential equations (PIDEs) with initial singularity. We obtain the sharp error estimate under a mild restriction condition of adjacent time-step ratios $r_k := τ_k/τ_{k−1}<r_{\rm{max}}= 4.8645$ $(k ≥ 3)$ and a much mild requirement on the first ratio, i.e. $r_2> 0.$ This leads to the validation of our analysis of the variable time-step IMEX BDF2 scheme when the initial singularity is dealt by a simple strategy, i.e. the graded mesh $t_k= T (k/N)^γ.$ In this situation, the convergence order of $\mathcal{O}(N^{− min\{2,γα\}})$ is achieved, where $N$ denotes the total number of mesh points and $α$ indicates the regularity of the exact solution. This is, the optimal convergence will be achieved by taking $γ_{{\rm opt}} = 2/α.$ Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate our theoretical analysis.

Zhao , ChengchaoYang , RuoyuDi , Yana and Zhang , Jiwei. (2025). Sharp Error Estimate of Variable Time-Step Imex BDF2 Scheme for Parabolic Integro-Differential Equations with Initial Singularity Arising in Finance. Journal of Computational Mathematics. 43 (5). 1118-1140. doi:10.4208/jcm.2406-m2023-0095
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